Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Globalisation - Essay Example From this perspective, functionalism describes the social order from a majority viewpoint, as opposed to looking at the fulfillment of every individual within a society. This paper will define the extent to which functionalism explains the main social order within society. Functionalism as Social Order The main attribute of functionalism is based on the attribute of showing what a large group of individuals did within a given culture and how this helped with the overall function within the culture. This is further described by different levels of functions, specifically which are divided by a variety of theorists. For instance, Merton (Harrington, 2005) states that functions can be divided into latent functions and manifest functions. The latent group is based on the social orders which were unintentional and didn’t depict the overall needs or functions within society. The manifest functions are the ones which describe more of the social order because of the institutional rela tionship to the function. The institution is able to show that it is planned, intentional and can be used to manifest specific actions within society. The manifest functions are able to depict the order of society and are used to describe institutional measures over the actions of groups of individuals (Harrington, 2005). Defining Social Action The concept of action as the manifestation of social order then leads into the understanding of what the manifestations include and how they define or are disregarded in understanding structure and functionalism. The concept of social action is one which has to be defined as an act which takes place and which is verified by others who have seen the same social action. More important, the fact has to be something that is done within society. If it is to define order, then it has to show how this particular fact, item or action is done by the majority of society or is something which is repetitive and practiced within the society. Without this, it doesn’t become a function that is within society and isn’t a part of the social order (Parsons, 1949). An example of this is with politics. If the United States has a bill of rights protecting freedom of speech, then this becomes a fact because it is defined by the political institution and the expectation for society to follow this bill. More important, those in society state that they practice freedom of speech through the press or other means. The freedom of speech defines the social order more by the actions which result and relate to this, all which manifest more of the approach taken for this political action and the functionalism which is attributed to the fact. The manifestation and the continuous social actions seen in newspapers, media and other sources show this is a part of the social order. The concept of social action within society is furthered by defining how this relates to different groups in society, some which may not link to the institutions. T here are two ideals which begin to form with social action and the contemporary attributes. When looking at social order from a historical perspective, it is easier to define functionalism, specifically because history only

Official Statistics as a Methodological Resource Essay

Official Statistics as a Methodological Resource - Essay Example The most interesting aspect of this phenomenon is not just the volume of data being collected and amassed, however the broad range of aspects of the ‘crime problem’ that are now being vigilantly ‘measured’. A study of these provides a useful illustration of the two-way relationship between developments in the information field and changes in thinking about crime and justice. Yet, the more organized kinds of data directly inform policy-making and ‘seep through’ into the public consciousness through political debate and media reports, where they are used to support or counter claims based on more unreliable evidence. In the 1940s and 1950s, almost the only sources of significant and organized information about crime in England and Wales were the annually published Criminal Statistics, and the results of research by the small number of criminologists working in academic or clinical environments. Criminal Statistics, as now, presented national compilations of records produced at local level by the police and the courts: most significantly, the totals of notifiable offences recorded by the police, and of criminals found culpable of or warned for criminal offences. Research data were more varied; nevertheless most frequently were based upon meticulous records of the personal characteristics and social backgrounds of imprisoned criminals (see, for example, Bowlby 1944; 1953; Burt 1944).

Recycling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recycling - Essay Example For example, there are several similarities and differences of recycling between China and Australia when viewed in the lines of legislations guiding recycling, recycling of e-wastes, and water recycling. Chinaview.cn reports that the Chinese government passed legislations that intended to scrap progressive pricing of water since the consumption level of each household was unknown. Chinese law also proposed to boost sustainable development through energy saving and reducing discharge of waste products (Chinaview.cn). Similar legislations apply to the Australian laws that help the country to manage environmental pollution. According to Recycling International, the government of China formulated a law to govern the recycling of e-wastes. Australia does not only have laws governing the recycling of e-wastes but also regulates the amount of e-waste exports to China. The law commands for license and taxes to the individual manufactures of the electrical appliances. This move was to address the problem of increased destruction of electrical appliances by specific companies and individuals. The Chinese government established laws that regulate the pricing of water to consumers to avoid undu e exploitation of consumers. In addition, China formulated laws that enable the government to regulate the use of energy and pollutant emissions. China legislations on recycling encourage innovation in recycling technology through fund allocations to such projects. In addition, Chinese legislation on recycling provides tax relief to enterprises that use energy conserving technologies in their recycling processes. The Australian government passed a legislation that worked to regulate the exportation and importation of hazardous wastes as well as to ensure safe disposal for the protection of human life. The Australian law also advocated for issuance of certificates to individuals who intend to import or export hazardous wastes. The

Ecosystem structure and function lecture (Kindly follow the Essay

Ecosystem structure and function lecture (Kindly follow the instructions) not an - Essay Example The energy as a result of cellular respiration is called net primary productivity. Decomposers feed on the waste product. As one moves up the next energy level, only 10% of the energy moves to the next level with the rest been lost as heat (Boag, 1- 7). The net primary productivity of ecosystems such as marine ecosystems is limited by certain nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. Pyramids of biomass and energy change between ecosystems. Some pyramids of biomass are inverted. Biomagnification is as a result of the concentration of pollutants as they move from lower to higher trophic levels. The nutrients in an ecosystem are transferred from organism to organism through assimilation, consumption and decomposition. Factors that influence the rate of nutrient cycling in an ecosystem include decomposition of detritus limits the rate of movement of the nutrients through an ecosystem and the abundance of decomposers in terms of biomass. The carbon cycle involves the movement of carbon among terrestrial ecosystems, oceans and atmosphere. Photosynthesis and respiration are the main movers of carbon. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat on earth (Boag, 8 – 14). The lecture was full of intensity and concentration was required throughout without which vital concepts were missed. The reason why I chose to attend this lecture was because the topic on ecology is related to my field of study which is Microbiology and I have an interest in knowing the nature of the courses I shall attend during my graduate program. This lecture is related to my field of study through the study of the nature of organisms, how they coexist and relate to their environment. In this lecture, I already knew about the four components of the ecosystem. I learnt a new concept termed as biomagnifications. I learnt that my ability to follow take notes in a typical academic lecture was excellent at the beginning, but as the lecture went on, the

Spatial Disorientation for Pilots Research Paper

Spatial Disorientation for Pilots - Research Paper Example Three types of spatial disorientation occur in the field of aviation. Type I disorientation relates to when the pilots do not sense any unusual occurrence. The pilots tend to be in a state that makes them believe in the normalcy of the aircraft’s response to the required inputs. This results from the pilot’s lack of concentration on the primary flight instruments. Lack of concentration can be due to distractions that make the pilot shift attention to another source for a considerable amount of time. Type II disorientation occurs when the pilot senses the existence of conflicting orientation cues. The pilot becomes unsure of what the flight instruments depict in relation to their personal interpretation, as well as what the out-the-window view signals. Such cases arise when the pilots shift their attention from the flight instruments for a substantial period, or when they break from a cloud in an unusual position. In most of these cases, the pilot gets to control the air craft or manages to access the help of another pilot. On the other hand, if the pilots fail to control type II spatial disorientation, the problem becomes more risky, leading to an incapacitating spatial disorientation, or type III spatial disorientation. This involves the awareness of the pilot of the conflicting cues. However, the state of the aircraft confuses the professionals, leading to incorrect adjustments. Making changes to the incorrect actions usually poses great difficulty, which makes recovery impossible in most cases. Research by the U.S. Army Combat Readiness/Safety Center further illustrates the prevalence of accidents caused by these three types of disorientation. Type I disorientation poses the highest amount of risk, compared to the other two.This follows the fact that the pilots do not get to realize the potential danger, which means that no precautions take place to counter the hazard. Type III disorientation poses a minimal risk, which means that most pilots ga ther the courage to correct anomalies, while a small percentage fails to gather such confidence (Webb, Estrada & Kelley, 225).

Henderson radio Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Henderson radio - Case Study Example These elements weigh vigorously in choosing if there is sufficient value in a venture money bargain. Thomas Hendersons ideas on this discernment propose that in the event that it was his choice he might have utilized 10 percent value and 90 percent obligation to back organization venture. From the expectation we understand that when 90 percent of obligation is utilized to back the organization extend this may prompt chapter 11 since the more terrific the implied liquidation expense or likelihood of insolvency in the working money streams of the firm, the less obligation the firm can bear to utilize. Taking his contention to the way that financing blend was acknowledged excessively radical and that he felt the organization could securely expand its obligation extent to 30 percent, which he thought was the upper reach of the business normal is not a legitimate proclamation. This is on the grounds that the mix of these manifestations of financing and their expense make up the expense of money to the firm or task. Assessing the capital structure of a venture is muddled, however basically put; the capital structure is the extent of value in the aggregate financing

Design a summer camp Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design a summer camp - Research Paper Example Following are the activities mentioned for every age group based upon the stages of psychological development. As during this stage children are developing a sense of trust so it is the responsibility of the caregivers especially the mother to treat the infant with loving and warmth feeling and build the sense of trust in the child (About.com, 2010). Lack of reliability and care would lead to mistrust and a feeling of worthlessness. As a huge emphasis is given upon visual contact and touch so the best activity for a 18 month infant would be â€Å"Stacking toys and playing with the infant with that toys.† As the caregiver would be playing along with the child this would help to creative a feeling of affection and would built trust between you and the child (Harder, 2009). During this period of time the child is at the beginning of learning stage as he or she starts going to school and it is the time when the child enters the real world on his own. The child is confronted to begin taking actions and has to carry them out. The child starts copying the adults during this stage. They make up stories and starts exploring the word â€Å"WHY.† (Harder, 2009) Therefore it is important for the parents and family to praise their activities and actions which would build a confidence in them. In contrast the child who fails to complete their tasks and is not motivated too leads them to a feeling of guilt in them which lowers their self esteem (Navid, 2009). The best activity for this stage should be â€Å"Kitchen Play† in which the kitchen utensils and a small built in kitchenette would be provided to the children and they would play in groups and they would cook and serve the imaginative food to you and it’s the adult’s responsibilit y to appreciate and praise them so in this activity the children would know the importance of team work and they would have a sense of purpose (About.com, 2010). It is the stage when the child is in preschool and is involved